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Add conflict or protest data to a state panel

Source: R/add_data.R
add_conflict.Rd

Joins a conflict, protest, or revolutionary episode dataset onto an existing state panel at the country-year level.

Country-year datasets ("scad", "ucdp_prio", "ucdp_vpp", "mm", "mmad") are already at the country-year level when loaded, so the aggregate argument has no effect for them.

Campaign and episode datasets ("navco1.3", "navco2.1", "beissinger", "csra", "mec") can have multiple rows per country-year. With aggregate = TRUE (the default) these are collapsed to country-year by taking the maximum of all numeric columns, and an n_campaigns count column is added. Set aggregate = FALSE to keep campaign-level rows (may produce duplicates).

Usage

add_conflict(panel, dataset, aggregate = TRUE)

Arguments

panel

A data frame produced by build_states_panel().

dataset

Dataset to load. One of:

"navco1.3"

NAVCO 1.3 campaign onsets (1900-2019).

"navco2.1"

NAVCO 2.1 campaign-years (1945-2013).

"beissinger"

Beissinger revolutionary episode onsets (1900-2014).

"csra"

HSE CSRA revolutionary episodes (2000-2024).

"scad"

SCAD 2018 social conflict events, Africa and Latin America (recorded starts 1989-2017). Prefix: scad_.

"ucdp_prio"

UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset v26.1 (1946-2025). Prefix: ucdp_prio_.

"ucdp_vpp"

UCDP Violent Political Protest v26.1 (1989-2025). Prefix: ucdp_vpp_. Requires the readxl package.

"mm"

Mass Mobilization Project v4 (1990-2020). Prefix: mm_.

"mmad"

Mass Mobilization in Autocracies Database (2003-2022). Prefix: mmad_.

"mec"

Major Episodes of Contention (1955-2018), with global episode-level coverage. Prefix: mec_.

aggregate

Logical. If TRUE (default), aggregates to country-year before joining (relevant for campaign and episode datasets only). If FALSE, performs a raw left join.

Value

The input panel with conflict/protest columns added via left join. Unmatched country-years remain NA; the function does not assume that an unobserved event indicator is zero.

References

Chenoweth, E., & Shay, C. W. (2020). List of Campaigns in NAVCO 1.3. Harvard Dataverse. doi:10.7910/DVN/ON9XND

Chenoweth, E., & Shay, C. W. (2019). NAVCO 2.1 Dataset. Harvard Dataverse. doi:10.7910/DVN/MHOXDV

Beissinger, M. (2022). Revolutionary Episodes Dataset.

Ustyuzhanin, V., Semichev, D., Grinin, L., & Korotaev, A. (2026). Revolutionary Database (2000-2024), Version 1.102. HSE University, Centre for Stability and Risk Analysis. https://social.hse.ru/mr/rev_bd

Salehyan, I., Hendrix, C. S., Hamner, J., Case, C., Linebarger, C., Stull, E., & Williams, J. (2012). Social conflict in Africa: A new database. International Interactions, 38(4), 503-511. doi:10.1080/03050629.2012.697426

Gleditsch, N. P., Wallensteen, P., Eriksson, M., Sollenberg, M., & Strand, H. (2002). Armed conflict 1946-2001: A new dataset. Journal of Peace Research, 39(5), 615-637. doi:10.1177/0022343302039005007

Svensson, I., Schaftenaar, S., & Allansson, M. (2022). Violent political protest: Introducing a new Uppsala Conflict Data Program data set on organized violence, 1989-2019. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 66(9), 1703-1730.

Clark, D. H., & Regan, P. M. (2016). Mass Mobilization Protest Data. Harvard Dataverse. doi:10.7910/DVN/HTTWYL

Weidmann, N. B., & Rød, E. G. (2019). The Internet and Political Protest in Autocracies. Oxford University Press.

Chenoweth, E., & Kang, S. (2026). The Major Episodes of Contention (MEC) Data Project: An introduction. Journal of Peace Research, 63(4), 724-734. doi:10.1093/jopres/xjaf008

Examples

panel <- build_states_panel(1990, 2010, coding_system = "cow") |>
  add_conflict(dataset = "navco2.1")
#> Multiple campaigns or episodes per country-year detected in 'navco2.1'. Aggregating to country-year using max() for numeric columns. Use `aggregate = FALSE` or `conflict_data()` for record-level data.

panel <- build_states_panel(1990, 2010, coding_system = "cow") |>
  add_conflict(dataset = "ucdp_prio")

panel <- build_states_panel(2005, 2020, coding_system = "cow") |>
  add_conflict(dataset = "mmad")

# Raw join for legacy datasets — researcher handles aggregation manually
panel <- build_states_panel(1990, 2010, coding_system = "cow") |>
  add_conflict(dataset = "navco1.3", aggregate = FALSE)

# MEC is episode-level; keep individual episodes with aggregate = FALSE
panel <- build_states_panel(1990, 2010, coding_system = "cow") |>
  add_conflict(dataset = "mec", aggregate = FALSE)